Wiki Log

[2026-05-02] create | Final Exam Prep folder — 4 drill packs + 2 physics strategy pages

  • Created folder: wiki/synthesis/final-exam-prep/{FAD1014,FAD1015,FAC1004,FAD1022}/
  • Created drill: FAD1014 Rapid-Fire Drill — Leak Topics — 45 problems (Maclaurin, Ellipse, DE)
  • Created drill: FAD1015 Rapid-Fire Drill — Leak Topics — 40 problems (Permutation, Hypothesis Testing, R)
  • Created drill: FAC1004 Rapid-Fire Drill — Leak Topics — 44 problems (Tangent Expansion, Complex Numbers, Hyperbolic)
  • Created drill: FAD1022 Rapid-Fire Drill — Leak Topics — 50+ problems (Full exam structure: MCQs + Sections B/C)
  • Created strategy: FAD1022 Max Score Strategy — Minimal Study — Question-picking guide targeting 129/129 with only 18 formulas, ~3hr study plan
  • Created drill: FAD1022 Minimal Drill — Just the Easy Picks — ~30 problems covering only B2+B1+B3+C2+C3+C5+C6+A for max-score route
  • Inbox: PDFs archived to raw/, leaks.md and Leaks 2.md kept for reference
  • Wiki health: 260 → 266 total files

[2026-05-02] ingest | Inbox leaks → 5 synthesis exam-focus pages across 4 subjects

  • Processed inbox: leaks.md, Leaks 2.md, PHY tipzz.pdf, Tutorial 14.pdf, NFRA Final Exam Schedule.pdf
  • Created synthesis: FAD1014 Exam Focus — Leak Topics — Maclaurin, Ellipse, DE (314 lines)
  • Created synthesis: FAD1015 Exam Focus — Leak Topics — R matrix ops, Permutation, Hypothesis Testing (654 lines)
  • Created synthesis: FAC1004 Exam Focus — Leak Topics — Tangent Expansion, Sir Hisham-style Section B (620 lines)
  • Created synthesis: FAD1022 Exam Focus — Leak Topics — All 8 physics leak topics (626 lines)
  • Created synthesis: FAD1022 Exam Structure — Detailed Leak — Section A/B/C breakdown with MCQ traps, question selection strategy, Bohr radius derivation, past-year patterns
  • Archived: Tutorial 14 → raw/tutorials/ (already existed), NFRA schedule → raw/ (exam timetable), PHY tips → raw/lectures/ (scanned OCR leak)
  • Inbox remaining: leaks.md, Leaks 2.md (text leaks kept for reference)
  • Wiki health: 255 → 260 total files

[2026-04-30] ingest | FAD1018 Electrochemistry — 3 lecture PDFs → 3 source pages, concept updates

  • Processed inbox: 3 FAD1018 Electrochemistry PDFs via direct image rendering (pdftoppm → PNGs)
  • L1 L2 Electrochemistry (L1 L2 EC - STDN Copy.pdf, 82 slides): Rewrote L1 L2 Electrochemistry with actual slide content — galvanic vs electrolytic cells, redox reactions, cell notation with SMILES, standard electrode potential, standard cell potential formula ($E°_{cell} = E°_{cathode} - E°_{anode}$), worked examples (Zn-Cu cell, identifying cathode/anode, cell potential calculation).
  • Electrochemistry Part 2 (L3 Stdn Copy.pdf, 34 slides): Rewrote Electrochemistry Part 2 with actual slide content — driving force behind electrochemical cells (water tank analogy), equilibrium and dead battery analogy, Nernst equation ($E_{cell} = E° - (RT/nF)\ln Q$), Gibbs free energy relationship ($\Delta G = -nFE_{cell}$), worked examples (Mg/Ca cell potential, Zn/SHE pH calculation Practice 4).
  • Electrolytic Cell Part 3 (L4 L5 EC2526 V2- Stdn copy.pdf, 50 slides): Created FAD1018 L4-L5 — Electrolytic Cell — electrolysis of CuSO₄ with copper electrodes, 3 factors affecting electrolysis products (standard electrode potential, concentration, electrode type), selective discharge and electrochemical series, overpotential/overvoltage effect (oxygen overvoltage, why Cl⁻/Br⁻/I⁻ oxidise before water), industrial implementation (Downs cell, Hall process), Exercise 3 (molten PbBr₂ electrolytic cell).
  • Updated concept: Electrochemistry — added L4-L5 source link, updated descriptions for all 3 electrochemistry sources.
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added L4-L5 lecture link, updated descriptions for L1-L2 and Part 2.
  • Updated entity: Mahfuzah Binti Yusoff — added L4-L5 lecture link, updated teaching list.
  • Archived: All 3 PDFs moved from inbox/ to raw/lectures/
  • Inbox now empty

[2026-04-30] ingest | FAD1014 L29-L30 — Geometry Ellipse PDF → source page, concept updates

  • Processed: 17 PNG slides from L29 & L30 GEOMETRY ELLIPSE.pdf via direct image rendering
  • Created source: FAD1014 L29-L30 — Geometry (Ellipse) — Complete lecture summary: ellipse definition (sum of distances to foci = 2a), full derivation of standard equation from distance formula, intercepts and vertices, latus rectum definition and length formula, horizontal vs vertical oriented ellipses (centre origin), standard equation with centre $(h,k)$, general equation $Ax^2 + By^2 + Cx + Dy + K = 0$, and all worked examples from lecture (Examples 1.0–4.0, 6.0). Includes Mermaid concept map.
  • Updated concept: Geometry - Ellipse — Added derivation section with full algebraic steps, standard equations with centre at origin (horizontal/vertical), detailed latus rectum section with endpoint coordinates, general equation with completing-the-square note, and source link.
  • Updated entity: FAD1014 - Mathematics II — added L29-L30 lecture link under Geometry
  • Updated entity: En Hisham Safuan Mohamad Sukri — added Ellipse lecture link and concept attribution
  • Updated index: FAD1014 lectures 16→17, total files 253→254
  • Archived: PDF moved to raw/lectures/
  • Lecturer: En Hisham Safuan Mohamad Sukri — confirmed from title slide

[2026-04-29] ingest | Inbox — Polymer Lecture, PBL Attachment, EC2526 Tutorial, Group Cards, PBL Trigger Materials

  • Processed inbox: 4 PDFs + 5 images (2 batches)
  • Polymer lecture (Lecture Slide Polymer - 2026 ppt_v1.2.pdf): Updated FAD1018 W14 — Polymer Chemistry with new sections: crystallites, elastomers, fibers, plasticizers, modification of polymer properties, polymer research fields (fiber reinforced composites, sustainable GunPla, crab shell solar cells, self-healing coatings, sustained drug delivery). Updated Polymer Chemistry concept with matching sections. Added 4 new references.
  • PBL attachment (PBL - Student Attachment_wm.pdf): Updated FAD1018 PBL — Polymers and River Pollution with official ground rules, PBL discussion rubric (4 criteria, 10 marks), presentation rubric (4 criteria, 10 marks), lecturer attribution Che Mohd Farhan Bin Che Mat Dusuki.
  • Group cards (3 images): Copied to wiki/assets/pbl/, embedded in PBL page as official group assignment cards.
  • PBL trigger materials (2 images): Comic storyboard showing toy factory scenario, polymerisation, river pollution, and remediation; handwritten poem for Trigger 3 / Case 3. Both copied to wiki/assets/pbl/ and embedded in PBL page with full poem transcription.
  • EC2526 tutorial (EC2526 MY V3 - STDN Copy.pdf): Created EC2526 — Electrochemistry Tutorial — source page for student handout covering galvanic cells, cell notation, half-equations, oxidizing/reducing agents, EMF, salt bridge function. Linked to Electrochemistry and FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II.
  • Created entity: Che Mohd Farhan Bin Che Mat Dusuki — PBL lecturer (FAD1018)
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added lecturers section, EC2526 tutorial link
  • Updated index: Chemistry sources 23→24, person entities 15→16, total files 250→252
  • Archived: All PDFs moved to raw/lectures/ and raw/tutorials/; images moved to wiki/assets/pbl/
  • Inbox now empty

[2026-04-29] enhance | Mass Mermaid + SMILES Enhancement

SMILES Audit & Fix (Chemistry):

  • Fixed Cl.[NH4+] → [Cl-].[NH4+] in 2 files (ionic charge syntax)
  • Fixed [R] → * wildcard in Amines source (Rutherfordium → generic R-group)
  • Removed markdown text from inside smiles blocks across 12 files (headings # Water, comments, lists caused SyntaxError)
  • Added comprehensive SMILES Syntax Rules to obsidian-chem skill

Mermaid Diagrams (Physics + Math):

  • ~90 new Mermaid diagrams added across ~50 files via 18 parallel subagents
  • Physics concepts: AC Circuits, Capacitors, Electrostatics, Magnetism, Inductance, Semiconductors, Atomic/Nuclear/Modern Physics
  • Math concepts: Integration, DEs, Series, Geometry, Probability, Matrices, Complex Numbers, Inverse Trig, Hyperbolic
  • Physics sources: All 10 FAD1022 lecture files (20 diagrams)
  • Math sources: 18 FAD1014/FAD1015/FAC1004 lecture files (30 diagrams)
  • Synthesis: All 5 mastery sets + Index + Study Plan (10 diagrams)

Index Updated: Added "Wiki Enhancements" section cataloguing all Mermaid and SMILES additions.

[2026-04-29] create | FAD1018 PBL — Polymers and River Pollution

  • Processed inbox: handwritten PBL notes + 2 images (student group brainstorm on polymerisation and river pollution)
  • Created project: FAD1018 PBL — Polymers and River Pollution — structured presentation outline from rough notes: 2 triggers (polymerisation + river pollution), 4 remediation methods table (activated carbon, coagulation/flocculation, pH buffering, bioremediation), 5 learning objectives, presentation rubric (content/delivery/creativity/time management), linked to Polymer Chemistry, Carbonyl Compounds, Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives, and relevant lectures
  • Updated index: added Projects section, updated health stats (246 files)
  • Removed from inbox: Chemistry PBL Project due Next Tuesday.md, Pasted image 20260429101642.png, Pasted image 20260429101659.png
  • Inbox now empty

[2026-04-29] enhance | FAD1018 PBL — added detailed rubric, structure, and planning tools

  • Enhanced FAD1018 PBL — Polymers and River Pollution with production-ready project workspace:
    • Timed presentation structure (7-section breakdown, 20 min total, with time buffer tip)
    • Detailed rubric per criterion: 4-tier grading standard (Excellent/Good/Satisfactory/Poor) with specific chemistry benchmarks
    • Content checklist (7 items mapped to LOs)
    • Delivery tips (signposting language, speaker handoffs)
    • Creativity ideas (mock news report, molecular renders, before/after diagrams)
    • Data & references needed (toxicity LD₅₀, adsorption capacity, pKa values, molecular structures with SMILES)
    • Group task tracker table with status checkboxes
    • Pre-presentation checklist (8 items)
    • Expanded remediation comparison with physical/chemical classification and comparison framework for LO4

[2026-04-29] research | FAD1018 PBL — created dedicated project folder with real-world data

  • Created project folder: wiki/projects/FAD1018-PBL-Polymers-River-Pollution/
  • Created Research Data — Toxicity & Remediation Values — comprehensive data page with:
    • Aquatic toxicity: ethyl acetate LC₅₀ = 230 mg/L (ECHA), acetone LC₅₀ = 300 mg/L (EPA), MEK LC₅₀ = 1,690–3,220 mg/L (WHO)
    • Water solubility data: MEK 256 g/L (very high spread risk)
    • Activated carbon adsorption capacities: acetone 33–107 mg/g, ethyl acetate 61–277 mg/g, MEK fire risk warning
    • pH buffering systems: acetate (pKa 4.76), phosphate (pKa 7.21), carbonate (pKa 10.33)
    • Microplastics as toxic-delivery system (Frontiers 2021, Facets 2022)
    • All sources cited with URLs
  • Created Case Study — 2019 Kim Kim River Toxic Pollution — Malaysian case study:
    • 6,000 affected, 2,775 hospitalised, 8 ICU, 111 schools closed
    • RM 10M+ cleanup, 900 tonnes soil + 1,500 tonnes water removed
    • Timeline, human impact, environmental damage, legal outcome
    • Direct presentation dialogue suggestions for each scene
    • Perfect real-world parallel for the "totally harmless" claim rebuttal
  • Created Lecture Reference Guide — scene-by-scene lecture mapping:
    • Maps each of the 5 presentation scenes to specific wiki lecture pages
    • Lists what to extract from each lecture (mechanisms, equations, examples)
    • Provides "quick facts to cite" for scientists to drop during the presentation
    • Includes pre-presentation study checklist for scientists
  • Created project folder index — navigation hub
  • Updated main PBL page: replaced "Data & References Needed" with "Research Data & Case Studies" section linking to all new files

[2026-04-29] cleanup | Processed inbox — archived existing source, removed non-academic files

  • Archived: Tutorial 14.pdf → raw/tutorials/FAD1022 Tutorial 14 — Atomic Physics.pdf — source PDF for existing tutorial page
  • Already in wiki: FAD1022 Tutorial 14 — Atomic Physics — full transcription exists with all 5 questions (Gold-197 properties, U-235 vs U-238 stability, Al-27 alpha decay feasibility, Tc-99m decay calculations, U-235 fission reaction)
  • Removed from inbox: Pasted image 20260429101055.png and Untitled.md — student roster image, not academic content
  • Inbox now empty

[2026-04-29] cleanup | Removed empty files from inbox

[2026-04-29] create | Cramer's Rule — detailed concept page

  • Created concept: Cramer's Rule — comprehensive page covering: general statement for $n \times n$, why Cramer's Rule works (derivation from adjoint/inverse), 2×2 formula with worked example, 3×3 formula with full 3-equation worked example (all determinants shown step-by-step), $n \times n$ general case, procedure summary, solvability table (unique / infinitely many / no solutions), word problem application (3×3 price problem), comparison with inverse matrix & Gauss-Jordan methods, computational note on $O(n!)$ scaling, and key formulas (2×2 determinant, 3×3 diagonal expansion, cofactor sign pattern)
  • Updated concept: Matrices — shortened Cramer's Rule section to direct readers to dedicated page
  • Updated index: added Cramer's Rule to Mathematics concepts catalogue (20 → 21)

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1014 L20 — Improper Integrals

  • Processed: Extracted lecture text covering improper integrals
  • Created source: FAD1014 L20 — Improper Integrals — Complete lecture summary: Type 1 improper integrals (infinite limits) with formal limit definitions, Type 2 improper integrals (discontinuous integrand) with limit definitions for boundary and interior discontinuities, the p-test for both types (with convergence conditions $p > 1$ for Type 1, $p < 1$ for Type 2), the comparison test with formal theorem statement and logical structure table, and 6 fully worked examples (Type 1 convergent $\int_1^\infty 1/x^2,dx = 1$, Type 1 divergent $\int_1^\infty 1/x,dx$, Type 2 convergent $\int_0^1 1/\sqrt{x},dx = 2$, Type 2 divergent $\int_0^1 1/x,dx$, comparison test convergence $\int_1^\infty 1/(x^2+1),dx = \pi/4$, comparison test divergence $\int_1^\infty 1/(\sqrt{x}+1),dx$).
  • Created concept: Improper Integrals — Full theory page covering Type 1 and Type 2 definitions with limit notation, p-tests with worked examples, comparison test theorem with logical structure table and common comparison functions, strategy for testing, and additional example ($\int_1^\infty \sin^2 x/x^2,dx$ converges by comparison).
  • Updated entity: FAD1014 - Mathematics II — added L20 lecture and concept link
  • Updated index: added to Mathematics II lectures and concepts catalogue, updated health stats
  • Updated log: appended ingestion record

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1022 L45 — Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

  • Processed lecture covering 6 topics: wave-particle duality recap, wave functions and probability density, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, time-independent Schrödinger equation, particle in a 1D box, energy quantization
  • Created source: FAD1022 L45 — Introduction to Quantum Mechanics — Complete lecture summary covering all 6 topics with worked examples (electron in a box, proton in a box), all equations in LaTeX ($\Delta x\Delta p \geq \hbar/2$, TISE, $E_n = n^2h^2/8mL^2$, $\psi_n = \sqrt{2/L}\sin(n\pi x/L)$), key equations summary table, classical vs quantum comparison table
  • Created concept: Quantum Mechanics — Complete concept page covering wave functions, probability density (Born rule), Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent), particle in 1D box (quantized energies, wave functions, nodes), energy quantization, operators and observables, key formulas table, constants table
  • Updated entity: FAD1022 - Basic Physics II — added L45 lecture link under Lecture Modules
  • Updated index: added new source to Physics lectures, added Quantum Mechanics to Physics concepts, updated health stats

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 W16 — Chemical Kinetics Part 2

  • Processed lecture covering 7 topics: Arrhenius equation (detailed with worked examples, graphical determination), activation energy (exothermic/endothermic profiles), reaction mechanisms (elementary steps, mechanism validation), rate-determining step, molecularity (unimolecular/bimolecular/termolecular), catalysts (homogeneous vs heterogeneous comparison), enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten, $V_{\text{max}}$, $K_m$, Lineweaver-Burk)
  • Created source: FAD1018 W16 — Chemical Kinetics Part 2 — Complete lecture summary with 3 worked Arrhenius examples, mechanism validation example ($\ce{2NO + 2H2}$), molecularity table, homogeneous vs heterogeneous catalysis comparison, enzyme kinetics with Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk plot, and enzyme inhibition table
  • Updated concept: Kinetic Chemistry — Surgically enhanced Arrhenius section with graphical determination and worked examples; expanded Reaction Mechanisms with molecularity detail, rate law from mechanism, mechanism validation; expanded Catalysts with homogeneous vs heterogeneous comparison; added complete Enzyme Kinetics section (Michaelis-Menten, $V_{\text{max}}$, $K_m$, $k_{\text{cat}}$, Lineweaver-Burk, inhibition types)
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added W16 Part 2 lecture link under Lecture Topics
  • Updated index: added new source to Chemistry lectures, updated health stats
  • Lecturer: Mr. Muhammad Hafiz Husna Bin Hasnan

[2026-04-29] reindex | Full vault reindex — verified all links, updated catalogue

  • Verified all 5 directories: sources/ (103), concepts/ (46), entities/ (21), synthesis/ (9), tutorials/ (61)
  • Rewrote index.md with complete file catalogue grouped by subject
  • Corrected stale links: removed references to non-existent files (FAD1018 W2, W3 Parts 1-2/3-6, W14 Advanced Amino Acids, old study plan names, Polymers concept)
  • Updated wiki health stats: 240 total files across vault
  • All wikilinks verified against filesystem

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 W3 (3) — Ionic Equilibria Part 5-6 — Acid-Base Titrations

  • Processed: 59 PNG slides from W3 (3).pdf (Part 5-6 of Ionic Equilibria)
  • Created source: FAD1018 W3 (3) — Ionic Equilibria Part 5-6 — Acid-Base Titrations — Complete lecture summary: objectives, acid-base indicators (table with 8 indicators), equivalence point vs end point, pH meter, four types of titrations, four stages in titrations, detailed worked examples for SA-SB (NaOH-HCl), WA-SB (CH₃COOH-NaOH), and WB-SA (NH₃-HCl) titrations at all four stages (initial, before equivalence, at equivalence, after equivalence). All calculations with full ICE tables, Henderson-Hasselbalch equations, hydrolysis calculations, and assumption validity checks. Titration curve features and indicator selection included.
  • Updated concept: Ionic Equilibria — Surgically added comprehensive "Acid-Base Titrations" section with lecture content: definitions (equivalence point vs end point), four stages, common indicator table, titration type summary table, SMILES blocks for NaOH/HCl/NaCl/H₂O, CH₃COOH/CH₃COONa, NH₃/NH₄Cl, and phenolphthalein acid/base forms, detailed sections for SA-SB (pH=7), WA-SB (pH>7, buffer zone, half-equivalence), WB-SA (pH<7, buffer region, methyl red indicator). Lecture wins on all calculations and indicator selections.
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added W3 (3) lecture link
  • Updated index: added new source to Chemistry lectures catalogue
  • Lecturer: Dr Fauzani Md Salleh — confirmed from slide signatures

[2026-04-27] ingest | Application of DE - Mixing Problems

[2026-04-27] ingest | FAD1014 Tutorial 13 - Circle, Parabola, Ellipse

[2026-04-27] ingest | L31-L32 Hyperbola

[2026-04-27] catalogue | Full Downloads Survey

[2026-04-27] transcribe | All Tutorial PDFs

  • Transcribed 43 tutorial PDFs into wiki/tutorials/
  • FAD1014: 10 tutorials (Integration, DEs, Series, Geometry)
  • FAD1015: 12 tutorials (Probability, Distributions, Hypothesis Testing)
  • FAC1004: 7 tutorials (Complex Numbers, Inverse Trig, Hyperbolics)
  • FAD1022: 14 tutorials (Electrostatics through Modern Physics)
  • Linked all tutorials to associated concept pages

[2026-04-27] ingest | Inbox PDFs — Bernoulli, Exact, Non-Homogeneous DE + Electrochemistry

[2026-04-27] ingest | Inbox PDFs — FAD1015 Tutorial 13 - Matrices

[2026-04-28] ingest | Lecture 44 - Photons and Photoelectric Effect

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1014 L22 - Finite Series and Summation

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1014 L21 - Introduction to Series

[2026-04-28] create | Complete Mastery Problem Set Collection

  • Created: FAD1014 Mastery Set — Interleaved Mathematics II — 15 problems (Geometry, Series, Taylor-Maclaurin, Trigonometric Integration) — 5-day plan
  • Created: FAD1018 Mastery Set — Interleaved Chemistry II — 12 problems (Equilibrium, Kinetics, Electrochemistry, Organic) — 4-day plan
  • Created: FAD1022 Mastery Set — Interleaved Physics II — 12 problems (Electrostatics, Circuits, Magnetism, Modern Physics) — 4-day plan
  • Created: FAC1004 Mastery Set — Interleaved Advanced Mathematics II — 10 problems (Complex Numbers, Inverse Trig, Hyperbolic) — 3-day plan
  • Created: FAD1015 Mastery Set — Interleaved Mathematics III — 12 problems (Probability, Statistics, Hypothesis Testing, Matrices) — 4-day plan
  • Total: 61 interleaved problems across all PASUM courses

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1022 L23 — Magnetism: Force and Motion of Charge

  • Processed 21 PNG slides from Lecture 23 (Magnetism Subtopic 2)
  • Lecturer correction: Magnetism lectures are by Aisyah Hartini Jahidin (AHJ), not Amirul Hakimi (AHJ). Updated source, concept, course entity, and removed stale reference from Amirul Hakimi entity.
  • Updated source: FAD1022 L22-L26 — Magnetism — Added detailed L23 section covering Lorentz force magnitude ($|F_B| = |q|vB\sin\theta$), direction rules (RHR/LHR for positive and negative charges), circular/helical motion, period ($T = 2\pi m/qB$, velocity-independent), angular frequency, velocity selector ($v = E/B$), mass selector ($m = qrB^2/E$), and all 4 lecture examples.
  • Updated concept: Magnetism — Added helical motion, velocity selector, mass spectrometer, period/angular frequency formulas, and corrected magnitude formula to $|q|vB\sin\theta$.
  • Created entity: Aisyah Hartini Jahidin (AHJ)

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1022 L22 — Magnetism: Magnetic Field

  • Processed 34 PNG slides from Lecture 22 (Magnetism Subtopic 1)
  • Updated source: FAD1022 L22-L26 — Magnetism — Added comprehensive L22 section covering: how current affects magnetic field, Right Hand Grip Rule (RHR), 2D vector notation ($\odot$ out / $\otimes$ in), all three geometry formulas (long straight wire, circular loop, solenoid) with constants ($\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ T·m·A⁻¹, $1,\text{G} = 10^{-4},\text{T}$), superposition principle, and all 7 worked examples.
  • Updated concept: Magnetism — Added Direction Rules section (RHR, 2D notation), circular loop centre formula ($B = \mu_0 NI / 2r$, no $\pi$, $N=1$ default), solenoid detail (external field $\approx 0$ when $L \gg r$), superposition principle, and Physical Constants section.
  • Verified lecturer: Aisyah Hartini Jahidin (AHJ) — confirmed from slide signatures.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 L20 — Sampling Method & Sampling Distribution of the Mean

  • Processed 21 PNG slides from Lecture 20 (Week 11_2)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 L20 — Sampling Distribution of the Mean — Complete rewrite with lecture details: Part 1 covers all sampling methods (probability: SRS, systematic, stratified, cluster; nonprobability: convenience, judgment, quota, snowball) with introduction, comparison table, and full strengths/weaknesses table. Part 2 covers sampling distribution of the mean: definition, derivation from normal populations ($\mu_{\bar{X}}=\mu$, $\sigma_{\bar{X}}=\sigma/\sqrt{n}$), probability calculations via Z-standardization, full worked example ($\mu=100, \sigma=10, n=25$), and Central Limit Theorem with practical sample-size guidelines ($n\geq30$, symmetric $n\geq5$, normal any $n$).
  • Updated concept: Probability Distributions — Surgically added "Sampling Distributions" section covering sampling distribution of the mean, standard error formula, CLT statement and practical rules, and standardized sample mean Z-formula. Updated frontmatter sources and Related Sources list. Lecture wins on all contradictions.

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1022 L42 — Nuclear Waste Management

  • Processed 28 PNG slides from Lecture 42 (Nuclear Fission/Fusion, Carbon Dating, Waste Management)
  • Updated source: FAD1022 L39-L42 — Atomic & Nuclear Physics — Added comprehensive L42 section covering: nuclear fission/fusion (definitions, binding energy relations, conditions for fusion, example calculations), chain reactions and critical mass, carbon dating (C-14 and uranium dating, Ötzi/Dead Sea Scrolls examples, Suess Effect, Bomb Spike), and radioactive waste management (LLW/ILW/HLW classification, storage/disposal/recycling methods with real-world examples, safety/environmental concerns)
  • Updated concept: Nuclear Physics — Added Nuclear Waste Management section with waste classification, management methods (storage, disposal, recycling), and safety/environmental concerns; updated Key Concepts list to include fission/fusion details, carbon dating, and waste management

[2026-04-28] create | 18-Day Study Plans (2 versions)

  • Created: Study Plan — April 28 to May 15 — Generic productivity-based schedule (104 hours)
  • Created: Study Plan — April 28 to May 15 (Around Class Schedule) — Integrated with FL3 timetable
    • Works around your actual classes: Mon (busy), Tue (light), Wed (big gaps), Thu (busy), Fri (free)
    • 91 hours total, optimized for your energy and gaps
    • Uses Wednesday gaps (5 hours) and Friday freedom (7 hours) strategically

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 Week 1 — Counting Rules & Permutation (49 PNGs)

  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 Week 1 — Counting Rules & Permutation — Complete rewrite from 49 lecture slides covering LEC 1 (Multiplication Rules, Permutations of distinct/repeated/identical/restricted/circular objects, Combinations, Permutation vs Comparison table) and LEC 2 (Experiment/Sample Space/Event/Outcome, Theoretical Probability, Playing Cards, Two-way Tables, Probability Using Counting Methods, Compound Events, Addition Rule). All 13 worked examples and 5 exercises transcribed with full working.
  • Surgically updated concept: Counting & Probability — Lecture wins on all contradictions:
    • Replaced Counting Principles section with lecture definitions and formulas (multiplication rule generalized, permutations with repetition $n^r$, circular permutations with $(n-1)!/2$ case, arrangement restrictions techniques)
    • Added Combination section (was completely missing): definition, formula $C(n,r) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}$, key difference from permutations
    • Added Permutation vs Combination comparison table
    • Replaced Basic Probability section with lecture content: experiment/outcome/sample space/event definitions, theoretical probability $P(E)=n(E)/n(S)$ with properties, playing cards reference, probability using counting methods, compound events (intersection/union), addition rule for combined events with mutual exclusivity condition
    • Preserved later-week sections: Conditional Probability, Independence, Total Probability, Bayes' Theorem

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1014 L1-L2 — Integration (Anti-Derivative)

  • Processed 37 PNG slides from Lecture L1-L2 (Integration as Anti-Derivative)
  • Updated source: FAD1014 L1-L2 — Integration (Anti-Derivative) — Complete rewrite with comprehensive L1-L2 details: antiderivative definition, constant of integration, indefinite integral notation, sigma notation, Riemann sums, definite integral, all standard integral rules (power, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric), constant multiple and sum/difference properties, and all 9 worked examples (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.1–1.2.7) with full step-by-step working.
  • Updated concept: Integration Techniques — Surgically expanded the "Basic Integration" section with fundamental rules (constant, power rule, $x^{-1}$ exception), properties of indefinite integrals, complete standard integral formulas for exponential/logarithmic/trigonometric functions, and the "Rewriting the Integrand" technique. Lecture wins on all contradictions.
  • Created entity: En Jedzry Fadzlin B Jalaluddin — lecturer for Integration (L1-L2), with qualifications (BSc Statistics UM, MSc Applied Statistics UiTM, PGDip Education UM).
  • Updated: FAD1014 - Mathematics II — added lecturer attribution.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 W7 — Alcohol and Phenol

  • Processed 62 PNG slides from Lecture W7 (Alcohol and Phenol)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1018 W7 — Alcohol and Phenol — Complete rewrite with all 62 pages of lecture content: 12 learning objectives, structure/classification, nomenclature, structural/optical isomerism, physical properties (systematic b.p. discussion framework, intermolecular vs intramolecular H-bonding, solubility trends), acidity of alcohols (full pKa table, inductive and solvation effects), basicity of alcohols, acidity of phenols (resonance stabilization, detailed o-/m-/p- substituent effects with nitro- and amino-phenols), preparation of alcohols (5 methods including Grignard retrosynthesis), preparation of phenols (Cumene process, diazonium salt), chemical reactions of alcohols (metals, HX/PXn/SOCl2, Lucas test, dehydration with Zaitsev's rule, oxidation with chromic acid/PCC/KMnO4, esterification, iodoform test), chemical reactions of phenols (EAS halogenation/nitration without catalyst, bromine water and FeCl3 tests), and commercial/industrial applications (ethanol, methanol, propan-2-ol, phenol → nylon).
  • Updated concept: Alcohol & Phenol — Surgically enhanced with lecture content: added SMILES blocks for 12 key compounds (methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, tert-butyl alcohol, phenol, phenylmethanol, cyclohexanol, 2/4-nitrophenol, 2/4-aminophenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-fluorophenol), expanded physical properties with systematic intermolecular force framework, added full pKa table with inductive/solvation explanations, added basicity section, expanded phenol acidity with detailed o-/m-/p- resonance explanations and corrected pKa values (2-nitrophenol 7.20, 4-nitrophenol 7.20, 3-nitrophenol 8.40, 4-aminophenol 10.30, 3-aminophenol 9.82), enhanced preparation sections, added Lucas test detail, added iodoform test specificity (ethanol as only positive 1° alcohol), expanded phenol EAS details, added industrial applications section (fermentation, azeotrope, nylon-6/6,6 production). Lecture wins on all contradictions.
  • Lecturer: Dr Ahmad Danial Azzahari (credited from slide signatures and contact info).

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1014 L25-L26 — Power Series, Taylor & Maclaurin

  • Processed 12 PNG slides from Lecture L25-L26 (Power Series, Taylor and Maclaurin Series)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1014 L25-L26 — Power Series, Taylor & Maclaurin — Complete rewrite with lecture details: all 6 learning outcomes, power series definition (c_n, center a, radius R), Taylor series definition (smooth function, anchor point a), Maclaurin series as "Taylor at zero", and all 6 worked examples (Taylor: sin x about π/4, √x about 4; Maclaurin: e^x/sin x/ln(1+x), x⁴e^{-3x²}, product/substitution problems, term-by-term integration of sin x/x and e^x/x).
  • Updated concept: Power Series — Taylor & Maclaurin — Surgically updated: changed notation to lecture's c_n and center a, added radius R wording, updated Taylor/Maclauring descriptions to match lecture language (smooth function, anchor point, Taylor at zero), added "Constructing Series from Standard Forms" section (substitution, multiplication, term-by-term integration), fixed binomial validity from x<1 to |x|<1, added anchor point note to Function Approximation.
  • Updated entity: En Hisham Safuan Mohamad Sukri — added lecture link and topic attribution.
  • Lecturer wins on all contradictions.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 L21-L22 — Estimation of Population Mean

  • Processed 29 PNG slides from Lecture L21-L22 (Week 12: Estimation of the Population Mean)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 L21-L22 — Estimation of Population Mean — Complete rewrite with lecture details: learning outcomes, statistical inference flashback (data → statistics → information), point vs interval estimation, confidence interval structure and interpretation, CI when $\sigma$ known (z-interval, assumptions, CLT, Example 1 & 2), factors affecting width, CI when $\sigma$ unknown (t-distribution, assumptions, how to read t-table, Example 3), summary of z vs t with standardized forms, and all 6 lecture exercises (fuel efficiency, manufacturing wages, basketball coaches, normal population, university GPA, steel yield point).
  • Updated concept: Hypothesis Testing — Added "Context: Types of Statistical Inference" section framing hypothesis testing and estimation as the two branches of inference, with lecture examples (consumer estimating home prices vs manufacturer testing steel). Added L21-L22 to sources and Related Sources. Lecture wins.

[2026-04-29] ingest | Revision Faraday and Lenz Law (14 slides)

  • Processed 14 PNG slides from revision lecture on electromagnetic induction by Amirul Hakimi Bin Baderus (AHB)
  • Lecturer correction: Inductance lecturer is Amirul Hakimi Bin Baderus (AHB), not Ahmad Hakimi Baharuddin. Updated entity name, course page, concept pages, source pages, and index. Lecture wins on all contradictions.
  • Created source: Revision Faraday and Lenz Law — comprehensive revision covering Faraday's discovery (Aug 29, 1831), Faraday's experiment conclusions, magnetic flux ($\Phi_B = BA\cos\theta$), induced current, Faraday's Law in discrete form ($\mathcal{E} = N\Delta\Phi_B/\Delta t$), Lenz's Law with two-field framework (external field vs induced field), and permeability vs permittivity comparison
  • Updated concept: Inductance & Transformers — Added Magnetic Flux section with geometric interpretation ($\theta$ dependence, max/min conditions), updated Faraday's Law with discrete form from lecture, expanded Lenz's Law with two-field framework and increasing/decreasing flux rules, corrected lecturer attribution
  • Updated concept: Magnetism — Added Permeability vs Permittivity comparison table, added link to revision source
  • Updated sources: FAD1022 L31-L33 — Inductance & Transformers, FAD1022 Quick Quiz 2026 — Inductance & Transformers — corrected lecturer attribution

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1022 Quick Quiz 2026 — Inductance & Transformers

  • Processed 13 PNG slides from classroom Quick Quiz 2026
  • Created source: FAD1022 Quick Quiz 2026 — Inductance & Transformers — 11 questions with full solutions (Q1-Q2 conceptual mutual inductance, Q3 reciprocal emf, Q4 flux-based M, Q5 average emf in solenoids, Q6 transformer turns/current, Q7 inductor transient behaviour, Q8 max self-induced emf, Q9-Q10 eddy current & iron loss, Q11 transformer efficiency)
  • Updated concept: Inductance & Transformers — added Quick Quiz 2026 Key Insights section covering: M independence from current, reciprocal EMF relationship, inductor transient behaviour in RL circuits, maximum self-induced EMF conditions, and detailed transformer losses (iron loss vs copper loss, efficiency calculation)
  • Updated course: FAD1022 - Basic Physics II — added quiz to lecture modules
  • Updated lecturer: Amirul Hakimi Bin Baderus (AHB) — added quiz link
  • Assets: copied 13 PNG images to wiki/assets/quizzes/quick-quiz-2026-inductance/
  • Lecture wins on all contradictions

[2026-04-28] ingest | FAD1022 L25-L26 — Ampere's Law & Torque

  • Updated source: FAD1022 L22-L26 — Magnetism — ingested L25-L26 content (Ampere's Law derivation, applications to straight wire/solenoid, torque on current loops, DC motor commutator, 3 worked examples, check-your-understanding items)
  • Updated concept: Magnetism — added field-inside-wire formula ($B = \mu_0 I r / 2\pi R^2$), explicit N-turn torque ($\tau = NIAB\sin\theta$), magnetic dipole moment for N-turn coils, torque direction rules, max/min torque conditions, DC motor commutator note
  • Confirmed lecturer: Aisyah Hartini Jahidin (AHJ) — all L22-L26 slides attributed to her; corrected earlier misattribution to Amirul Hakimi (AHJ)

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 Week 4 — Discrete Random Variables (PDF & CDF)

  • Processed 21 PNG slides from Week 4 (L7: Probability Distribution Function, L8: Cumulative Distribution Function)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 Week 4 — Discrete Random Variables (PDF & CDF) — Complete rewrite with lecture details: random variable definition and notation (upper-case $X$, lower-case $x$, $P(X=x)$), discrete RV examples (die, coin tosses, profit, geometric), probability distribution as table and function, pdf properties (boundedness, total probability = 1), and all 9 worked examples (Examples 1–5 for pdf, Examples 6–9 for CDF). Full distribution tables, piecewise functions, and step-by-step working preserved.
  • Updated concept: Probability Distributions — Surgically added "Discrete Random Variables" section before named distributions: formal pdf/PMF definition ($f(x)=P(X=x)$), properties, tabular and functional representations, CDF definition ($F(t)=P(X\leq t)$), key relationships ($P(a<X\leq b)=F(b)-F(a)$, $P(X=b)=F(b)-F(a)$), and fair-die examples for both pdf and CDF. Lecture wins on all notation and definitions.
  • Lecturer wins on all contradictions.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 W5-W6 — Phase Equilibria (W6 (1) 24 PNGs + W5 PDFs)

  • Rewrote source: FAD1018 W5-W6 — Phase Equilibria — Complete rewrite from W5 (1), W5 (2), and W6 (1) lecture PDFs. Added all 13 learning outcomes, detailed Lecture 1 (phase/component definitions, 6 example systems, colligative properties with 5 worked examples), Lecture 2 (ideal/non-ideal solutions, Raoult's law, Dalton's law, 3 worked examples), Lecture 3 (fractional distillation, azeotropes, positive/negative deviation with ethanol-benzene, ethanol-water, HCl-water, HNO3-water examples, distillation rules table). Added 14 SMILES code blocks for all compounds. Added study notes with exam weightage (~5–8%) and common errors.
  • Surgically updated concept: Phase Equilibria — Lecture wins on all contradictions:
    • Added phase/component examples table from lecture
    • Expanded Raoult's Law with Dalton's law and two-component total pressure formula
    • Added Ideal Solutions section (was missing): A–A/B–B/A–B interactions, thermoneutral, zero volume change, benzene-toluene example
    • Replaced simple deviations list with comprehensive comparison table (enthalpy, volume, vapor pressure, boiling point behavior)
    • Added lecture-specific deviation examples: ethanol-benzene, NaCl–H₂O (positive); HCl–water, HNO₃–water (negative)
    • Added worked examples callout for all 4 colligative properties with lecture numbers
    • Added Fractional Distillation & Azeotropes section (was completely missing): distillate/residue definitions, positive deviation azeotropes (minimum bp, ethanol-benzene 32.4%, ethanol-water 95.6%), negative deviation azeotropes (maximum bp, HCl-water 20.2%, HNO₃-water 68%), distillation outcome rules
    • Added 8 SMILES code blocks throughout concept page
  • Created entity: Puan Zuraini Kadir — Phase Equilibria lecturer (FAD1018)
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added lecturer attribution to W5-W6 topic

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 W3 — Buffer Solutions

  • Processed 60 PNG slides from W3 (2).pdf (Part 4 of Ionic Equilibria)
  • Created source: FAD1018 W3 — Buffer Solutions — Complete lecture summary: objectives, common ion effect, buffer definition and types, composition tables, buffer action mechanisms, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (acidic and basic), 3 full worked examples (common ion effect, acidic buffer with acid/base addition, basic buffer with acid addition), and 4 exercise sets from slides. All equations in LaTeX, all SMILES blocks for buffer components.
  • Updated concept: Ionic Equilibria — Surgically expanded Buffer Solutions section with lecture content: buffer action equations (Le Chatelier mechanism for acidic and basic buffers), 8 SMILES code blocks for common buffer systems (acetate, ammonium, formate, fluoride, methylammonium, sulfide, carbonate, phosphate), Henderson-Hasselbalch validity note, buffer capacity definition and factors, biological applications. Lecture wins on all details.
  • Created entity: Dr Fauzani Md Salleh — Ionic Equilibria lecturer (FAD1018)
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added W3 Buffer Solutions lecture link
  • Updated index: added new source and lecturer to catalogue, updated health stats

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 L13 — Binomial Distribution (34 PNG slides)

  • Processed 34 PNG slides from (L13) FAD 1015 - Week 7_1 Binomial - std.pdf
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 L13 — Binomial Distribution — Complete rewrite with lecture details: binomial setting (natural and reducible two-outcome situations), 4 characteristics with checklist, "Is this binomial?" diagnostic examples (dart, football, tennis, dice+coin, dice×3), full PMF formula with combination recall, Example 1 (exactly 1 defective iPhone, n=5, p=0.1), Example 2 (5 probability questions: exactly 3, more than 1, less than 2, at least 1, at most 2 with numerical answers), Example 3 (using cumulative binomial table for p≤0.5), Example 5 (using table when p>0.5 with success/failure flip table and 6 questions), table reading rules (P(X≥x), P(X≤x), P(X<x), P(X=x), P(X>x)), mean/variance/standard deviation formulas (μ=np, σ²=npq, σ=√npq), Example 6 (egg shipment, n=500, p=0.04), and 4 real-life applications.
  • Surgically updated concept: Probability Distributions — Rewrote Binomial Distribution section (lecture wins): expanded 4 conditions with p/q notation, added full PMF with factorial form, added standard deviation σ=√npq, added binomial table reading rules table, added p>0.5 flip trick with success/failure mapping table, added real-life applications (medical, banking, flood control, retail). All other distributions untouched.
  • Lecturer wins on all contradictions.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 Week 3 — Independent Events & Bayes' Theorem

  • Processed 24 PNG slides from Week 3 (LEC 5: Independent Events, LEC 6: Bayes' Theorem)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 Week 3 — Independent Events & Bayes' Theorem — Complete rewrite with lecture details: LEC 5 covers independence definition, multiplication rule for 2 and $n$ events, all 8 worked examples (Examples 8–15) with exact lecture wording. LEC 6 covers total probability ($P(A) = P(A \cap B) + P(A \cap B')$ then general partition form), full Bayes' theorem derivation with $A_i$ partition and event $E$, tree diagram formulas, and all 5 worked examples (Examples 16–20). Lecture wins: all typos preserved ("This give", "only one will be compete", "exactly one answers is correct", "defective charges", "A chargers is chosen", "either goes to either").
  • Surgically updated concept: Counting & Probability — Lecture wins on all contradictions:
    • Added [!summary] callout under Independence with lecture's summary-box formulas ($P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B)$, $P(B|A)=P(B)$, $P(A|B)=P(A)$)
    • Added Tree Diagram section (was completely missing): all four path-probability formulas, sum-to-1 identity, and explanatory note linking tree diagrams to Bayes' theorem two-stage problems

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 Week 5 — Mean & Variance (Discrete) & Continuous PDF Introduction

  • Processed 35 PNG slides from Week 5 (LEC 9: Expectation, Variance, Mode, Median for discrete RV; LEC 10: Continuous RV — PDF definition and properties)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 Week 5 — Mean & Variance (Discrete & Continuous) — Complete rewrite with lecture details: corrected scope (mean/variance taught only for discrete; continuous section covers PDF only, not mean/variance), all discrete formulas (E(X), E[g(X)], Var(X), computational form E(X²)−μ², σ, rules for aX+b), mode/median definitions, and all 19 worked examples (Examples 1–13 discrete, Examples 14–19 continuous PDF). Added explicit scope note directing continuous mean/variance to Week 6.
  • Updated concept: Probability Distributions — Surgically added two sections: (1) "Expected Value & Variance (Discrete)" with general discrete formulas (mean, E[g(X)], E(X²), variance definition, computational form, standard deviation, rules for constants, mode/median) placed before named distributions; (2) "Probability Density Function (PDF)" general continuous section (properties, interval probability, key facts P(X=a)=0, general mean/variance integrals with pointer to Week 6) placed before Normal Distribution. Lecture wins on all formulas and definitions.
  • Lecturer wins on all contradictions.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1015 L25-L26 — Hypothesis Testing in R

  • Processed 36 PNG slides from Lecture L25-L26 (Week 14: Hypothesis Testing in R)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1015 L25-L26 — Hypothesis Testing in R — Complete rewrite with lecture details: 4-step hypothesis testing overview, data input methods (File >> Import Dataset and manual c() vectors), One-Sample Z-Test (when to apply, BSDA z.test() syntax, Example 1 with raw IQ data and full output interpretation, Example 2 with summary statistics and manual pnorm() computation, Exercise 1 on factory wages), One-Sample t-Test (t.test() syntax, Example 3 with plant heights and full output breakdown, changing alternative hypothesis "two.sided"/"less"/"greater", Exercise 2 on individual heights, Example 4 with basketball players and manual pt() computation with abs() explanation), Test for Normality (Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, shapiro.test() constraints n∈[3,5000], Example 5 with rnorm(100), histogram and QQ plot graphical checks). All R code blocks, outputs, and interpretation frameworks preserved.
  • Surgically updated concept: Hypothesis Testing — Lecture wins on all contradictions:
    • Added "R Implementation" section (was completely missing): One-Sample Z-Test (z.test() from BSDA, manual pnorm() computation), One-Sample t-Test (t.test() syntax and alternative options, manual pt() computation), Interpreting R Test Output table (t/z, df, p-value, 95% CI, sample estimates), decision rule code snippet, Normality Testing (shapiro.test() with p<0.05 rule, hist()/qqnorm() graphical checks)
    • Updated frontmatter: changed status from status/seedling to status/evergreen, added FAD1015 L21-L22 — Estimation of Population Mean to sources
  • Lecturer wins on all contradictions.

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 W6 — Stereochemistry (52 PNG slides)

  • Processed 52 PNG slides from W6 (3).pdf (Topic 13: Stereochemistry) by Mr. Che Mohd Farhan Bin Che Mat Dusuki (BP 200, Universiti Malaya)
  • Rewrote source: FAD1018 W6 — Stereochemistry — Complete rewrite with all 52 pages: 7 learning outcomes, isomerism review, stereocentre/stereogenic centre definitions, chirality vs achirality with 4 diagnostic criteria, rare cases (chiral without chiral centre — allenes; achiral without plane of symmetry — cyclohexane derivative), 3D wedge-dash conventions, Fischer projections (4-step drawing method, no-carbon-chain case, 3D-to-Fischer conversion rules), enantiomers vs diastereomers, stereoisomers with >1 stereocentre (2ⁿ formula, acyclic and cyclic examples including meso compounds), optical activity (dextrorotatory/levorotatory, enantiomeric excess formula, observed rotation table), racemic mixtures (formation by mixing/racemization/synthesis, thalidomide/ibuprofen examples, 4 resolution methods), and all 5 exercises (13.1–13.5). Added 8 SMILES code blocks.
  • Surgically updated concept: Stereochemistry — Lecture wins on all contradictions:
    • Added Chiral Centre Count & Molecular Chirality section (0/1/>1 rules from lecture)
    • Added Rare Cases section (chiral without chiral centre, achiral without plane of symmetry)
    • Updated enantiomers physical properties to include "interactions with other chiral substances"
    • Expanded Optical Activity with d/l notation, critical clarification that d/l is NOT related to R/S (with S-(+)-glyceraldehyde and S-(-)-alanine examples), enantiomeric excess formula, and observed rotation example table
    • Expanded Fischer Projections with 4-step drawing method, no-carbon-chain case, and 3D-to-Fischer conversion rules; added 2-Chlorobutane SMILES
    • Added Stereoisomers with Multiple Chiral Centres section (2ⁿ formula, acyclic/cyclic examples with SMILES: 2-bromo-3-chloropentanal, 1-fluoro-2-methylcyclobutane, 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane)
    • Updated Diastereomers with specific different physical properties (mp, bp, solubility, density)
    • Updated Meso Compounds with note about different physical properties from enantiomers/diastereomers; added 3,4-dimethylhexane SMILES
    • Expanded Racemic Mixtures with formation methods (mixing, racemization, synthesis), real-world examples (thalidomide, ibuprofen), and resolution methods
    • Added SMILES blocks throughout concept page (7 total)

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAC1004 L14 — Properties of Inverse Trig Functions

  • Processed 20 PNG slides from L14 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions Full Version
  • Rewrote source: FAC1004 L14 — Properties of Inverse Trig Functions — Complete rewrite with all 7 properties from lecture: Property 1 (composition/cancellation equations with domain restrictions), Property 2 (reciprocal relationships: csc⁻¹x = sin⁻¹(1/x), cot⁻¹x = tan⁻¹(1/x), sec⁻¹x = cos⁻¹(1/x)), Property 3 (negative arguments: sin⁻¹(-x) = -sin⁻¹x, tan⁻¹(-x) = -tan⁻¹x — note: cos⁻¹(-x) not covered in L14), Property 4 (complementary relationships), Property 5 (sum/difference formulas for tan⁻¹), Property 6 (double angle formula 2tan⁻¹x), Property 7 (interconversion formulas for sin⁻¹x and cos⁻¹x). Added full domain/range table, 2 worked examples with step-by-step proofs, and comprehensive summary table.
  • Surgically updated concept: Inverse Trigonometric Functions — Lecture wins on all contradictions:
    • Fixed cot⁻¹x range: changed from (0, π) to [0, π] in definition and summary table (lecture slide 3 explicitly shows [0, π])
    • Added Sum and Difference Formulas section: tan⁻¹x ± tan⁻¹y identities with full proof
    • Added Double Angle Formula section: 2tan⁻¹x = sin⁻¹(2x/(1+x²)) = cos⁻¹((1-x²)/(1+x²)) = tan⁻¹(2x/(1-x²)) with full proof
    • Added Interconversion Formulas section: Property 7(i) and 7(ii) expressing sin⁻¹x and cos⁻¹x in terms of all other inverse trig functions
    • Added L14 worked examples: Example 7 (cos(sin⁻¹(3/5) + π/2) = -3/5 using addition formula and Property 7), Example 8 (tan⁻¹(1/7) + tan⁻¹(1/13) = tan⁻¹(2/9) using sum formula)
    • Updated example numbering (Examples 7–14 for differentiation section)
    • Updated status from sprout to evergreen

[2026-04-29] ingest | FAD1018 — Topics (Teaching Schedule) (7 PNG pages)

  • Processed 7 PNG pages from /home/kuumin/tmp/downloads/extracted_pngs_v2/chem001/Topics-*.png
  • Created source: FAD1018 — Topics (Teaching Schedule) — Complete official syllabus transcription: Weeks 1–18 weekly breakdown with 48 lectures (Kuliah 1–48), 14 tutorials, assessment weightage (Tutorial 10%, PBL 10%, Quizzes 10%, Midterm 10%, Final 50%), and references for all topics.
  • Updated entity: FAD1018 - Basic Chemistry II — added Syllabus section linking to new Topics source
  • Updated concepts (lecture wins on all contradictions):
    • Alcohol & Phenol — Added: phenol tests (bromine water, FeCl₃), cumene process with SMILES, cyclohexanol/nylon-6,6 industrial uses, 8 SMILES blocks
    • Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives — Added: preparation methods (oxidation, nitrile hydrolysis, Grignard carboxylation, Kolbe-Schmitt), 3 SMILES blocks
    • Thermochemistry — Added: enthalpy of hydration (ΔH°hyd) definition, cation/anion trends, relationship ΔH°sol = ΔH°lattice + ΔH°hyd
    • Amines & Amino Acids — Added: 7 representative amino acid SMILES blocks (Gly, Ala, Val, Phe, Ser, Asp, Lys)
    • Electrochemistry — Added: H₂ SMILES block
    • Phase Equilibria — Verified already complete with azeotropes, fractional distillation, deviation table (no changes needed)
    • Carbonyl Compounds — Verified already complete with carbohydrate section and SMILES (no changes needed)

[2026-04-30] ingest | FAD1022 Modern Physics — 4 lecture PDFs (L43-L45)

  • Processed inbox: 4 PDFs via direct image processing (pdftoppm → PNG → visual reading)
    • Lecture 43 - Wave-particle duality and black body radiation.pdf (25 slides, Standard)
    • Lecture 43 - Wave-particle duality and black body radiation - advanced.pdf (31 slides, Advanced)
    • Lecture 44 - Photons and Photoelectric Effect.pdf (29 slides)
    • Lecture 45 - Photon Momentum, Compton Effect, de-Broglie waves and Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.pdf (28 slides)
  • Duplicate assessment: Existing wiki pages already comprehensively cover the content from these slides
  • Decision: Updated existing source pages rather than creating duplicates. Added PDF file references to all 3 source pages.
  • Updated source: FAD1022 L44 — Photons and Photoelectric Effect — Added 2 detailed example problems with full solutions from slides (work function & cutoff frequency for metallic surface; potassium surface with cutoff wavelength)
  • Updated source: FAD1022 L45 — Introduction to Quantum Mechanics — Added 4 example problems from slides (de Broglie wavelength of electron at 2.0×10⁶ m/s; de Broglie wavelength from 150 eV KE; Heisenberg uncertainty with baseball vs electron comparison)
  • Updated source: FAD1022 L43 — Modern Physics — Added explicit PDF file references and lecturer attribution
  • Created concept: Black Body Radiation — New concept page covering black body definition, properties, conceptual model, real-world examples, ultraviolet catastrophe, Planck's quantum solution, key laws (Planck's, Wien's, Stefan-Boltzmann), and significance
  • Updated entity: Nurul Izzati (NIA) — Added full name (Nurul Izzati Binti Azman), email (nurulizzati_azman@um.edu.my), and lecture links for L44 and L45
  • Updated entity: FAD1022 - Basic Physics II — Updated lecturer scope for NIA to include L43-L45; confirmed lecture module links
  • Updated index: Added Black Body Radiation to Physics concepts catalogue; updated health stats (252 → 253 total files)
  • Archived: All 4 PDFs moved to raw/lectures/
  • Inbox now empty of Physics lecture PDFs

[2026-05-01] create | FAD1022 Complete Formula Sheets — All Lectures, Tutorials & Concepts

  • Spawned 30+ subagents to process every Physics source concurrently
  • Created 30 individual formula sheets in wiki/synthesis/FAD1022/formula-sheets/
    • 12 Lecture formula sheets: L1-L3 Electrostatics, L7-L9 Capacitors, L14-L16 AC Analysis, L17-L21 AC Series Circuits, L22-L26 Magnetism, L31-L33 Inductance & Transformers, L34-L38 Semiconductors & Op-Amps, L39-L42 Atomic & Nuclear Physics, L43 Modern Physics, L44 Photons & Photoelectric Effect, L45 Quantum Mechanics, Quick Quiz Inductance
    • 14 Tutorial formula sheets: T1 Electrostatics, T3 Capacitors, T4 DC Circuits, T5 AC Basics, T6 AC Analysis Part 1, T7 AC Analysis Part 2, T8 Magnetism Part 1, T9 Magnetism & Electromagnetic Induction, T10 Electromagnetism, T11 Inductance, T12 Semiconductors & Electronics, T13 Electronics & Atomic Physics, T14 Atomic Physics, T15 Modern Physics
    • 3 Concept formula sheets: Atomic Physics, Modern Physics Wave-Particle Duality, Nuclear Physics
  • Created MASTER formula sheet: MASTER — FAD1022 Complete Formula Sheet.md — single comprehensive sheet with all formulas, constants table, and quick-reference index
  • All sheets: Proper MathJax/LaTeX, Obsidian YAML frontmatter, variable explanations with units, organized by topic
  • No formulas omitted — every equation from every source extracted

[2026-05-01] create | DENSE "Everything at a Glance" Formula Sheet

  • Created: DENSE — FAD1022 Everything at a Glance.md — ultra-compact single-page poster
  • Design: CSS multi-column (4→3→2→1 responsive), 10.5px font, color-coded topic borders, zero whitespace
  • Features: Constants grid at top, horizontal formula rows with | separators, mini summary tables (CIVIL, BJT regions, decay modes, op-amp configs, capacitor-inductor analogy)
  • All 12 topics: Electrostatics → Modern Physics & QM, every formula present
  • Best for: Pan-and-zoom revision in Obsidian, wall-poster printing, cram sessions

[2026-05-01] create | FAD1022 Complete Anki Deck — 439 sticky flashcards

  • Created 6 batch files (54 + 86 + 67 + 73 + 54 + 48 cards)
  • Combined into master deck: FAD1022_Physics_Complete.txt — 439 cards total
  • Topics covered: Electrostatics, Capacitors, DC Circuits, AC Basics, AC Series, Magnetism, Electromagnetism, Inductance, Transformers, Semiconductors, Op-Amps, Atomic Physics, Nuclear Physics, Modern Physics, Photoelectric Effect, Quantum Mechanics
  • Card design: Fill-in-the-blank prompts, mnemonics, common mistake traps, "When to use" context, unit reminders
  • MathJax: Proper ( ... ) formatting throughout (verified: zero $ usage)
  • Tags: FAD1022::Topic hierarchical tags for Anki organization
  • Location: anki/FAD1022_Physics_Complete.txt